With nearly 40% of global fish stocks overfished and another 50% harvested at maximum capacity, the urgency to find sustainable seafood solutions has never been greater. Plant-based fish alternatives (PBFAs) are emerging as a promising innovation — driven by rising consumer awareness of overfishing, environmental degradation, and animal welfare concerns.
A 2023 survey found that 42% of European consumers find plant-based seafood appealing, with 43% open to purchasing it — highlighting significant market potential. But how nutritious are these alternatives, and can they truly compete with conventional fish?
Our Out of the net, into the future report explores the rapidly growing market for plant-based fish alternatives, offering a comprehensive analysis of 100 retail products sold between 2024 and 2025 across 11 countries and 3 continents. These included familiar favourites such as fish sticks, burgers, fillets, canned tuna, smoked salmon, shrimp, and calamari — all made entirely without fish. Our research examined their nutritional quality, front-of-pack labelling (Nutri-Score ratings), and use of micronutrient fortification.
Our analysis scrutinised key nutrients relevant to fish consumption (protein, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, iodine, vitamin B12), alongside nutrients of concern (saturated fat, sodium) and beneficial components (fibre).
Plant-based fish alternatives offer a pathway to mitigate pressure on aquatic ecosystems and support dietary shifts towards sustainability. Their nutritional profiles exhibit considerable variability across product types, brands, and geographical markets; therefore, we included in this report evidence-based recommendations for manufacturers, industry stakeholders, policymakers, consumer advocacy groups, and the scientific community. To cultivate a future where sustainable, nutritious, and palatable food choices are accessible and beneficial for human health and planetary well-being, we need to work together and collaborate simultaneously.
Access the full report for comprehensive data and insights.