With nearly 40% of global fish stocks overfished and another 50% harvested at maximum capacity, the urgency to find sustainable seafood solutions has never been greater. Plant-based fish alternatives (PBFAs) are emerging as a promising innovation — driven by rising consumer awareness of overfishing, environmental degradation, and animal welfare concerns.
A 2023 survey found that 42% of European consumers find plant-based seafood appealing, with 43% open to purchasing it — highlighting significant market potential. But how nutritious are these alternatives, and can they truly compete with conventional fish?
This report explores the rapidly growing market for plant-based fish alternatives, offering a comprehensive analysis of 100 retail products sold between 2024 and 2025 across 11 countries and 3 continents. These included familiar favourites such as fish sticks, burgers, fillets, canned tuna, smoked salmon, shrimp, and calamari — all made entirely without fish. Our research examined their nutritional quality, front-of-pack labelling (Nutri-Score ratings), and use of micronutrient fortification.
Our analysis scrutinised key nutrients relevant to fish consumption (protein, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, iodine, vitamin B12), alongside nutrients of concern (saturated fat, sodium) and beneficial components (fibre).
Plant-based fish alternatives offer a pathway to mitigate pressure on aquatic ecosystems and support dietary shifts towards sustainability. Their nutritional profiles exhibit considerable variability across product types, brands, and geographical markets; therefore, we included in this report evidence-based recommendations for manufacturers, industry stakeholders, policymakers, consumer advocacy groups, and the scientific community. To cultivate a future where sustainable, nutritious, and palatable food choices are accessible and beneficial for human health and planetary well-being, we need to work together and collaborate simultaneously.
Access the full report for comprehensive data and insights.
