Protein Diversification

Alternative proteins

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Sources

[1] Food System Economics Commission (2024): The Economics of the Food System Transformation. Available at: https://foodsystemeconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/FSEC-Global_Policy_Report.pdf [17.02.2024]  
[2] Rieger, J., F. Freund, F. Offermann, et al. (2023): From fork to farm: Impacts of more sustainable diets in the EU ‐27 on the agricultural sector. Journal of Agricultural Economics 74(3), 764–784. doi:10.1111/1477-9552.12530
[3] Global MEthane Hub & Climateworks Foundation (2023): Global Innovation Needs Assessments. Available at: https://www.climateworks.org/ginas-methane/ [21.03.2024]
[4] Saget, C., A. Vogt-Schilb, and T. Luu (2020). Jobs in a Net-Zero Emissions Future in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank and International Labor Organization, Washington D.C. and Geneva.
[5] Green Alliance (2023): Appetite for change. Why the UK should lead the emerging alternative proteins market. Available at: https://green-alliance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Appetite_for_change.pdf [17.02.2024] 
[6] AgriFoodTure (2021): Roadmap for sustainable transformation of the Danish agri-Food System. Available at: https://agrifoodture.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/agrifoodture_roadmap_2022.pdf [21.03.2024]
[7] Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark (2023): Danish Action Plan for Plant-based Foods. Available at: https://fvm.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumentation/Danish-Action-Plan-for-Plant-based-Foods.pdf [21.03.2024]
[8] BCG (2022): The Untapped Climate Opportunity in Alternative Proteins. Available at: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2022/combating-climate-crisis-with-alternative-protein [Accessed: 13.05.2024]
[9] GFI (2023): 2022 State of Global Policy. Public investment in alternative proteins to feed a growing world. Available at: https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/State-of-Global-Policy-Report_2022.pdf [Accessed: 13.05.2024]
[10] Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark (2023): Danish Action Plan for Plant-based Foods. Available at: https://en.fvm.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/Dokumentation/Danish-Action-Plan-for-Plant-based-Foods.pdf [13.05.2024]
[11] ProVeg (2023): German government allocates groundbreaking €38 million for the promotion of alternative proteins. Available at: https://proveg.org/press-release/german-government-allocates-groundbreaking-e38-million-for-the-promotion-of-alternative-proteins/ [Accessed: 13.05.2024]
[12] Kozicka, M., P. Havlík, H. Valin, et al. (2023): Feeding climate and biodiversity goals with novel plant-based meat and milk alternatives. Nature Communications 14(1), 5316. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40899-2
[13] Humpenöder, F., B. L. Bodirsky, I. Weindl, et al. (2022): Projected environmental benefits of replacing beef with microbial protein. Nature 605(7908), 90–96. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04629-w
[14] Saget, S., M. Costa, C. S. Santos, et al. (2021): Substitution of beef with pea protein reduces the environmental footprint of meat balls whilst supporting health and climate stabilization goals. Journal of Cleaner Production 297 126447. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126447

Frequently asked questions

What are the key facts about protein diversification?

The food system’s hidden costs are estimated at US$15 trillion a year — about 12% of global GDP in 2020. Investment in alternative proteins could create up to 83 million jobs globally by 2050. Plant-based protein offers greater emissions savings per dollar invested than decarbonisation in any other sector. Transitioning to healthier, sustainable diets could contribute 70% of the total economic benefits of food-system transformation.

What is protein diversification and why does it matter?

Protein diversification means broadening the mix of protein sources — plant-based, fermented and cultivated — alongside reducing reliance on animals. It is a key lever for cutting the food system’s hidden costs, estimated at US$15 trillion a year (about 12% of global GDP in 2020) across health, environmental and poverty impacts.

What are the economic benefits of shifting to alternative proteins?

Considerable. Investment in alternative proteins could create up to 83 million jobs globally by 2050, and plant-based protein offers greater emissions savings per dollar invested than decarbonisation in any other sector. Transitioning to healthier, sustainable diets could contribute 70% of the total economic benefits of food-system transformation.

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