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Information acc. 13, 14, 21 GDPR

Aerial view of dense, lush green rainforest with a winding river reflecting the sky, surrounded by thick vegetation and tall trees.

DECLARACIÓN DE BELÉM SOBRE DIETAS RICAS EN VEGETALES

Esta Declaración de líderes de gobiernos municipales y regionales, ONG y otras partes interesadas pide a los gobiernos nacionales que promuevan dietas saludables y sostenibles mediante la elaboración y aplicación de Planes de Acción para los Alimentos de Origen Vegetal.

A person in a white dress selects carrots from a display of fresh vegetables, including garlic and greens, at a market. They are holding a reusable mesh bag.

Reconociendo los múltiples1 2 papeles que desempeñan las dietas ricas en vegetales en la mitigación de la crisis climática, la Declaración de Belém pide a los gobiernos nacionales que elaboren y apliquen planes de acción exhaustivos y ambiciosos para promover los alimentos ricos en plantas en toda la sociedad.

Los planes de acción deben introducir medidas concretas para fomentar la producción y el consumo de alimentos de origen vegetal3 a través de iniciativas apoyadas por los gobiernos nacionales y en las que participen las ciudades y los gobiernos regionales.

Como firmantes de esta carta, nos comprometemos a fortalecer los esfuerzos de colaboración e inclusión para acelerar la transición hacia dietas más ricas en plantas mediante el desarrollo de Planes de Acción Nacionales para los Alimentos de Origen Vegetal por parte de todos los estados miembros de la ONU.

01

Mitigación del cambio climático

Dense, green rainforest with mist rising among tall trees, set against a backdrop of hills and a cloudy sky. The image has a rounded border on the top right side.

Considerando que casi todos los países identifican los sistemas agroalimentarios como una prioridad para la adaptación al cambio climático (94%) y la mitigación (91%) en sus Contribuciones Determinadas a Nivel Nacional (NDC), y teniendo en cuenta el enorme potencial de los sistemas agroalimentarios como soluciones climáticas, especialmente cuando los países presenten su tercera ronda de NDC en 2025,4

Reconociendo que más de 150 naciones han firmado la Declaración de los EAU de la COP28 sobre Agricultura Sostenible, Sistemas Alimentarios Resilientes y Acción por el Clima para pasar de prácticas que emiten más gases de efecto invernadero a enfoques de producción y consumo más sostenibles,5

Aerial view of green agricultural fields divided into long, narrow strips with a few hay bales scattered in one section. The fields display varying shades of green and brown.

Reconociendo que el informe 2022 sobre la mitigación del cambio climático del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) destaca los cambios hacia dietas ricas en vegetales como importantes mecanismos de mitigación,6

Asimismo, el IPCC considera que las dietas ricas en vegetales pueden reducir significativamente las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), en comparación con los patrones alimentarios actuales en la mayoría de los países industrializados,7 8

02

Beneficios para la salud pública

Reconociendo que las dietas ricas en plantas están ampliamente asociadas a un menor riesgo de mortalidad prematura y ofrecen protección contra las enfermedades no transmisibles,9

Asimismo, el informe 2022 del IPCC sobre la mitigación del cambio climático afirma que las «dietas equilibradas» son aquellas que incluyen cereales secundarios, legumbres, frutas y verduras, y frutos secos y semillas,10

Asimismo, el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente11 afirma que las fuentes de proteínas vegetales, como las judías, los guisantes y las lentejas, pueden satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales de la mayoría de los adultos sanos y reducir la huella de carbono individual,

A bowl containing a chickpea and tomato stew topped with a dollop of creamy sauce, served with fresh green leafy vegetables and broccoli on the side.

03

Protección de la biodiversidad

Reconociendo que un informe independiente respaldado por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente identifica el cambio a dietas más ricas en vegetales como una de las tres palancas clave para reducir las presiones sobre el uso de la tierra, reducir la pérdida de biodiversidad y crear un sistema alimentario más sostenible,12

Reconociendo que el cambio a alimentos de origen vegetal en los países de renta alta produce un «doble dividendo»: una reducción del 61% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de esos países y un secuestro de carbono equivalente a 14 años de emisiones de la agricultura mundial a partir de tierras renaturalizadas y liberadas,13 14

A capuchin monkey sits on a tree branch in a lush green forest, looking curiously at the camera. Blurred leaves and branches frame the foreground.

04

Seguridad alimentaria y resiliencia:

A person wearing a watch and bracelet slices a round loaf of bread in a woven basket. Green leaves and a straw hat are visible in the foreground.

Reconociendo que muchos países del Sur Global tienen tradiciones alimentarias ricas en plantas que deben preservarse para mantener la seguridad alimentaria, el patrimonio cultural y los conocimientos indígenas,15

Asimismo, la producción localizada de alimentos en los pequeños Estados insulares en desarrollo, donde las dietas tradicionales han hecho hincapié durante mucho tiempo en los alimentos vegetales ricos en fibra, puede ayudar a recuperar y restaurar sistemas alimentarios sanos y resistentes al clima en esos países,16

Reconociendo que cultivar más alimentos para el consumo humano directo, en lugar de como pienso, podría aumentar la disponibilidad de alimentos para el consumo humano directo,17 18 19 20

05

Beneficios económicos

Two men harvest grapes in a vineyard; one holds a bin filled with grapes while the other smiles. Vine rows and more workers are visible in the background on a cloudy day.

La adopción de alimentos de origen vegetal cultivados con métodos sostenibles podría generar nuevas oportunidades de empleo en todo el mundo, especialmente para los pequeños agricultores y las pequeñas explotaciones familiares:,21 22

Nosotros/as, los abajo firmantes, ante la proximidad de la Conferencia de las Partes de la CMNUCC en Brasil, hacemos un llamamiento a los Estados miembros de la ONU para que:

  1. Se establezcan Planes de Acción Nacionales para los Alimentos de Origen Vegetal con el fin de promover dietas saludables y sostenibles, desde la granja hasta la mesa, para aumentar la seguridad alimentaria y la resiliencia, mejorar la salud pública, mitigar el cambio climático, proteger y restaurar la biodiversidad, proporcionar beneficios económicos y garantizar la coherencia de las políticas.
  2. Se comprometan a fijar una fecha límite para la publicación de los Planes de Acción Nacionales para los Alimentos de Origen Vegetal a tiempo para que puedan ser presentados para su debate en la COP32 en 2027.
  3. Se comprometan a apoyar financieramente la aplicación de los Planes de Acción Nacionales para los Alimentos de Origen Vegetal con cargo a los presupuestos de promoción agroalimentaria.
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References

  1. Benton, T.G., C. Bieg, H. Harwatt et al. (2021): Food system impacts on biodiversity loss. Three levers for food system transformation in support of nature. Available at: https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/2021-02-03-food-system-biodiversity-loss-benton-et-al_0.pdf [22.03.2025]
  2. Xu, X., P. Sharma, S. Shu, et al. (2021): Global greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods. Nature Food 2(9), 724–732. doi:10.1038/s43016-021-00358-x
  3. Los alimentos de origen vegetal pueden ser frutas frescas, verduras, cereales integrales, legumbres, frutos secos, hongos comestibles, tofu, tempeh, así como alternativas vegetales a los productos de origen animal que sean ricas en nutrientes y compatibles con las directrices de la OMS sobre el contenido de sal, azúcar y grasa.
  4. FAO (2024): COP29: New FAO analysis maps Nationally Determined Contributions, identifies opportunities, gaps and risks related to agrifood climate solutions. Available at: https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/cop29–new-fao-analysis-maps-nationally-determined-contributions–identifies-opportunities–gaps-and-risks-related-to-agrifood-climate-solutions/en [22.03.2025]
  5. FAO (2023): COP28 UAE Declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems and Climate Action. Available at:: https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/publication/cop28-uae-declaration-sustainable-agriculture-resilient-food-systems-climate-action_en [22.03.2024]
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